What is a cation?

A cation is defined as a positively charged particle, which is formed when an atom or a molecule loses one or more electrons. The loss of negatively charged electrons results in a net positive charge. Cations play a critical role in various biological and chemical processes, including the conduction of electrical impulses in nerves, muscle contraction, and maintaining fluid balance within cells. The opposite of a cation is an anion, which carries a negative charge due to the gain of electrons. Thus, understanding the nature of cations and their positive charge is fundamental in the study of chemistry and biochemistry, particularly in the context of electrolytes and acid-base balance.