Hypoventilation in a patient typically leads to which of the following conditions?

Hypoventilation refers to inadequate ventilation, which results in a decreased exchange of gases in the lungs. When a patient hypoventilates, the body’s ability to excrete carbon dioxide (CO2) is compromised. This buildup of CO2 leads to an increase in the concentration of carbonic acid in the blood due to the following equilibrium reaction:

CO2 + H2O ⇌ H2CO3 ⇌ H+ + HCO3-

As the levels of carbon dioxide rise, more hydrogen ions are produced, leading to a decrease in blood pH. This condition is termed respiratory acidosis. It indicates that the body is retaining too much carbon dioxide, which is creating an acidic environment in the bloodstream.

In addition to the physiological effects, respiratory acidosis can manifest in symptoms such as confusion, lethargy, and can progress to more serious complications if not addressed.

Understanding how respiratory acidosis develops from hypoventilation is crucial for recognizing and treating conditions related to respiratory function.